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An investigation of public–private partnerships’ role in driving infrastructure development in Nigeria: A case study of Lagos State (2000–2020).

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Background of the study
Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a strategic mechanism to bridge the infrastructure deficit in Nigeria, particularly in urban centers like Lagos State. Between 2000 and 2020, PPPs have been deployed to finance, design, and operate infrastructure projects, including transportation networks, utilities, and public facilities. These partnerships leverage private sector efficiency and public sector oversight to deliver projects more effectively than traditional public financing alone (Ibrahim, 2023). In Lagos, numerous infrastructure projects have been initiated under PPP models, contributing to improved connectivity, enhanced public services, and economic growth. However, challenges such as contract mismanagement, regulatory uncertainties, and stakeholder conflicts have sometimes limited the success of these initiatives (Chinwe, 2024). Recent research highlights that a well-structured PPP can reduce costs, improve service quality, and accelerate project completion times, yet achieving these outcomes requires robust governance and transparent processes (Oluwaseun, 2023). This study critically examines the role of PPPs in driving infrastructure development in Lagos, assessing both the benefits and challenges, and providing insights for optimizing such collaborations.

Statement of the problem
Despite the potential of PPPs to enhance infrastructure development, Lagos State continues to face challenges such as contract disputes, regulatory ambiguities, and inefficiencies in project management. These issues have led to delays and cost overruns, undermining the effectiveness of PPP initiatives (Ibrahim, 2023; Chinwe, 2024). The study aims to explore the factors that limit the success of PPPs in infrastructure projects and to propose strategies for improving governance and operational efficiency in such partnerships.

Objectives of the study:

  1. To evaluate the role of PPPs in infrastructure development in Lagos State.
  2. To identify challenges affecting the success of PPP initiatives.
  3. To recommend strategies for enhancing PPP effectiveness.

Research questions:

  1. How do PPPs influence infrastructure development in Lagos State?
  2. What are the main challenges hindering successful PPP implementation?
  3. What measures can improve PPP governance and outcomes?

Research Hypotheses:

  1. PPPs significantly enhance infrastructure development.
  2. Regulatory ambiguities negatively impact PPP success.
  3. Improved governance mechanisms lead to better project outcomes.

Significance of the study
This study is significant as it assesses the role of public–private partnerships in driving infrastructure development in Lagos State. By identifying challenges and proposing actionable strategies, the findings will assist policymakers and private investors in optimizing PPP models to accelerate infrastructure projects, improve service delivery, and foster sustainable urban development (Ibrahim, 2025).

Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to evaluating PPPs in infrastructure development in Lagos State, focusing on policy, management, and governance issues.

Definitions of terms:

  1. Public–Private Partnership (PPP): A collaborative arrangement between the public and private sectors to deliver public services or infrastructure.
  2. Infrastructure Development: The construction and improvement of foundational physical systems.
  3. Governance: The framework of rules and practices that ensure accountability and transparency in project implementation.




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